Magnetic field and temperature‑dependent studies of structural and magnetic properties of NiFe2O4 films

Abstract

Unheated and heated nickel ferrite ( NiFe2O4) films under the influence of the magnetic field were fabricated using a solution method named as the liquid–vapor interfacial method. The effect of magnetic field and temperature on the morphological, structural, and magnetic properties of the films was studied. The particle size is found to increase from both SEM images and XRD calculations. From the XRD calculations, the particle size in unheated films increases from 7.3 to 18.9 nm, and in heated films, from 22.3 to 24.9 nm with the application of a magnetic field. The interplanar spacing and lattice constant increase with the applied magnetic field and decreased with heating. From the XPS results, the atomic percentage of cation at tetrahedral and octahedral sites shows the mixed spinel structure of formed ferrite films. All the magnetic factors are found to increase by implementing the magnetic field while decrease with the heating of films.