Bioremediation Approaches for Degradation and Detoxification of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Abstract

Waste from industry is a noteworthy risk to the earth as it contains different poisonous, mutagenic and cancer-causing substances including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). PAHs are a class of different organic compounds with two or more intertwined benzene rings in a linear, angular or cluster array. Eviction of PAHs is crucial as these are persevering toxins with ubiquitous event and adverse natural impacts. There are several remedial techniques, which are productive and financially savvy in elimination of PAHs from the affected environment. These removal approaches are not just eco-friendly; they additionally display an emerging and new strategy in mitigating the ability of PAHs to cause potential risk to living beings. Accessible physical and synthetic techniques are neither eco-accommodating nor financially viable in this way. Natural strategies such as bioremediation techniques are most appropriate for biodegradation of PAHs. Such techniques require less chemicals, less time and less contribution of energy and are cost-effective and eco-accommodating. The lethal PAH mixes can be changed into non-harmful and more straightforward ones utilizing normally occurring microorganisms like algae, bacteria and fungi in a procedure called biodegradation. This chapter mainly focuses on the enhancement in biodegradation of hazardous PAHs by using bioremedial approaches.