Implementation of Quadcopter

Abstract

Quadcopters is an aerial vehicle operated to fly independently and is one of the representations of a UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles). Drones are actually very fascinating and in this project we are going to study about them, their components and about its widespread applications that determine its scope for the future. They are a mixture of streams of Electronics, Mechanical and especially Aviation. A quadcopter or a quadrotor helicopter is a multirotor copter that is lifted and propelled by four rotors. All the four arms have a motor and a propeller at their ends each. The lift is generated by a set of rotors and vertically oriented propellers, hence quadcopters are classified to rotorcrafts.A quadcopter uses 2 sets of identical fixed pitched propellers , 2 clockwise (CW) or in one direction and 2 counter-clockwise (CCW) or opposite direction. This helps the machine to hover in a stable formation. Control of motion of vehicle is achieved by altering the rotation rate of one or motor discs, thereby changing its torque load and thrust/lift characteristics. The use of four rotors in a quadcopter allow the individual rotors to have a smaller diameter than the equivalent helicopter rotor, which allows them to possess less kinetic energy during flight. Quadcopters have different structures and designs according to the work needed to be done by it. Components like motors, batteries, electronic speed controllers (ESC.s) also vary according to the power needed and work done by the quadcopter. Also enhancements like GPS trackers or cameras or infrared cameras are used so that they could add value to missions like disaster relief, search and rescue, agriculture and 3D mapping of the geography of an area.