Road Accident Analysis Using Data Mining Techniques

Abstract

A traffic collision, also known as a motor vehicle collision (MVC) among others, occurs when a vehicle collides with another vehicle, pedestrian, animal, road debris, or other stationary obstruction, such as a tree or utility pole. Traffic collisions may result in injury, death and property damage. A number of factors contribute to the risk of collision, including vehicle design, speed of operation, road design, road environment, and driver skill, impairment due to alcohol or drugs, and behavior, notably speeding and street racing. Worldwide, motor vehicle collisions lead to death and disability as well as financial costs to both society and the individuals involved. Road injuries occurred in about 54 million people in 2013 [1]. This resulted in 1.4 million deaths in 2013, up from 1.1 million deaths in 1990 [2]. About 68,000 of these occurred in children less than five years old [2].Almost all high-income countries have decreasing death rates, while the majority of lowincome countries have increasing death rates due to traffic collisions. Middle-income countries have the highest rate with 20 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants, 80% of all road fatalities by only 52% of all vehicles. While the death rate in Africa is the highest (24.1 per 100,000 inhabitants), the lowest rate is to be found in Europe [3]. (March 2006) Road traffic accidents—the leading cause of death by injury and the tenth-leading cause of all deaths globally—now make up a surprisingly significant portion of the worldwide burden of ill-health. An estimated 1.2 million people are killed in road crashes each year, and as many as 50 million are injured, occupying 30 percent to 70 percent of orthopedic beds in developing countries hospitals, and if present trends continue, road traffic injuries are predicted to be the third-leading contributor to the global burden of disease and injury by 2020. One percent of world’s population belongs to Iran whereas country has 1 out of 40 of deaths from road accidents in the world. Hence, attempts to improve travels’ safety and to reduce hazards of road accidents through development and application of traffic safety programs are essential tasks. What is still considered by the traffic experts is to identify the factors affecting the incidence or severity of an occurred crash. The traffic safety is subjected to vast and complex dimensions in which to be interacted together and consequently demands various